Skrajnie prawicowa zmiana w Europie
Wyniki uzyskane przez skrajną prawicę w wyborach w Polsce, Portugalii i Rumunii stanowią nowy impuls dla partii prawicowych w Europie. Oto przegląd statusu nacjonalistycznej skrajnej prawicy.
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Breakthroughs
In Portugal, the far-right Chega ("Enough") climbed to joint second place in the country's snap election on Sunday, passing the 20-percent mark for the first time, according to near complete official results.
In the first round of Poland's presidential election, the pro-EU mayor of Warsaw Rafal Trzaskowski scored a narrow win and will face nationalist historian Karol Nawrocki in the run-off on June 1.
In Romania, George Simion, a nationalist candidate and admirer of US President Donald Trump, had been the frontrunner for the presidency after the first round but lost out on Sunday to the centrist and pro-EU mayor of Bucharest, Nicusor Dan.
In Germany in February, the anti-immigration far-right AfD doubled its score in legislative elections, reaching 20.8 percent. They were behind the Christian Democrats, who ruled out forming a coalition government with them.
Earlier this month Germany's domestic intelligence service designated the AfD an extremist group.
In Belgium, during the June 2024 legislative campaign, the far-right Vlaams Belang increased its score in the Flemish parliament and at federal level.
In the regional parliament, it holds 31 of the 124 seats. In the national Chamber of Representatives it forms the largest opposition group with 20 deputies.
In Britain's July 2024 general election, in which Keir Starmer's Labour Party ended 14 years of Conservative rule, the anti-immigration hard-right Reform UK led by Nigel Farage won just over 14 percent of the vote and five seats in parliament.
Farage made another breakthrough in local elections earlier this month.
In power: Italy and Hungary
In Italy, Giorgia Meloni's neo-Fascist Brothers of Italy party achieved a historic victory in parliamentary elections in 2022.
She has since led the government in coalition with another far-right party, Matteo Salvini's anti-immigrant League, and the conservative Forza Italia, founded by former premier Silvio Berlusconi.
In Hungary, the nationalist Viktor Orban has been prime minister since 2010. He was re-elected in April 2022 for a fourth consecutive term.
In that ballot, his Fidesz party scored an overwhelming victory and Orban is now gearing up for parliamentary elections in 2026.
In coalition
In the Netherlands, Geert Wilders' far-right Freedom Party (PVV) topped legislative elections in 2023.
Almost six months later, in May 2024, it formed a coalition agreement with three right-wing parties.
He had to give up his ambitions to become premier and instead a senior official, Dick Schoof, became prime minister.
In Slovakia, the nationalist SNS party is part of a three-party governing coalition led by nationalist-leaning Prime Minister Robert Fico of the centrist Smer-SD party.
Fico, who returned to power in 2023, is one of the Kremlin's few allies in Europe. He was the target of an assassination attempt last year.
In Finland, the Finns Party, a far-right formation that came second in the 2023 legislative elections. It is a member of the ruling coalition formed by conservative Petteri Orpo, whose centre-right National Coalition won the elections.
Electoral gains and failures
Elsewhere in Europe far-right parties have been on the brink of power without making a final breakthrough.
In Austria, the far-right Freedom party (FPOe) topped polls for the first time in September 2024.
The party, which was founded by former Nazis and is now led by Herbert Kickl, has since failed to find partners to form a government.
In France, a left-wing alliance formed for the 2024 legislative elections blocked the rise to power of the far-right National Rally (RN).
RN, whose figurehead Marine Le Pen reached the run-off round in the last two presidential elections, is now the largest single party in the French parliament. But it does not have a majority.
by Pascale Juilliard and Emilie Bickerton